Apparatus for compensating the inaccuracy in training a gun, due to the oblique position of the axis of the horizontal trunnion



Feb. 18, 1923. $445,192. w. A-KEMANN.

\PPARATUS FOR COMPENSATING THE INACCURACY IN TRAINING A GUN DUE TO GRIZONTAL IHUNNION.

SHEETS swan THE OBLIOUE POSiTION OF THE Axis OF HE H FILE'D 0503,1920

W. AKEMANII.

APPARATUS FOR COMPENSATIIIG THE IN AGCURACY IN TRAINING A GUN DUE TO THE OBLIQ UE POSITION OF THE AXIS OF THE HORIZONTAL TRUNNION.

2 SHEETS SHEET 1 FILED DEC. 3, I920.

FRIED. KRUPP AKTIEN- GESELLSGHAIET, CF ESiGEH-ON-THE-EIIHE, GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR COHEPENSATING THE INA scones! IN 'rnnmruo A GUN. DUE To "his BBLIQUE L GSI'Z'ION '31 THE AXES OF THE HORIZONTAL TRUNNION.

I llpplieation filed December lo in (lei-many Dec. 12. Jill, and of which the tollowin, *3 a speeitication.

'lhis ii. :ention relates to apparatus for the compel rig on of the error in traverse eaused by the oblique position oi the horizonial E."lS of the trunnions of gun. The

object r the invention is to provide, an apparatus of this kind, which is particularly suitable for Q'HHS which are erected on a swaying); Foundation such as naval guns for example. This object is attained according. to the present invention by connecting an adjustable member which corresponds to the oblique position of the axis oi the trunnions to a member which enables the traverse of the gun harrel to be adjusted through the medium of a gearing: which has a member which adjustable to correspond to the :in 'le of elevation of the gun barrel and the law of motion of which determined nocording to the relationship which exists hetwe the oblique position of the axis of the truunions and the angle of elevation of the gun barrel on the one hand and the error in the traverse on the other hand. $55 The invention will he further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which two constructions of the invention are diagranunatically shown fitted with a long-dis ince indicating apparatus. in Figure l is the first and Figure 2 is the second construetion with certain i-zirts omitted.

The gun harrei A, situated atthe gun station, is mounted to oscillate by means of horizontal trunnions o in gun carriage E which rotates about a vertical. axis, and can he adjusted to the angle of elevation by means of an elevating gear (not shown).

On the gun carriage l? is providid a ring of i 59 teeth 7) with which a hand wheel adapted to import the ad1ust1uentot the traverse, is

3, 1929. SerialvNo. 428,118.

positively connected through i1 gearing 0 c. 'lo the hand. \vneel C are also positively comm-ted the urinatures of the transmitter l of a long-distance indicating apparatus built on the coarse and line system. The course and line armatures of the transmitter l) are titted with a pointer (l and (1 respectively which pass over a t'averse angle graduation. The transmitter l) is con nectcd to the correspondin; receiver E by a long-distance conductor (1 The receiver E the coarse and line arniatures of which have a coarse. and fine pointer respei'ztively which indicate the position oi the gun is fixed to a frame E which rotates about a vertical axis and on which a telescope F for marking lhe horizon is mounted to oscillate about a horizontal axis. The frame E is rotated :iliout its vertical axis by a hand wheel (i, which. on the one. hand, is posh tively connected to two adjustable counterinarlcs 7 and opposite the receiver pointers and c respectively. The apparatus is so arranged that when in. the position shown in the drawing. in which the counterniarlcs and y oi the receiver E register with the corresponding pointe ie e and e and in which the frame E" consequently assumes the angular position prescribed by the transmitter l), the axis of oscillation of the telescope l is crossing the axis of the horizontal trunnions I? at right angles. The telescope F is adjusted by a hand wheel ll, the rotations of which are transmitted to the telescope l by -means of a worm h and. a toothed sector gearingwith it lf, when the axis oi the horizontal trunnions n is in an ohlique position the telescope F- Che trained upon the horizon by means of the hand wheel H, the angle which the telescope includes with the gun station is equal to the angle of the ohlique position of the trunnions a. To the shaft of the hand wheel H is positively connected, by a spur wheel gearing ii? i, onewheel J of a friction wheel gearing, the other Wheel J of which is mounted to move longitudinally along a shaft '1' wliich is mounted at right anglestothe axis of the wheel J. the shaft 1'. being mounted so as to rotate in the frame ll. 'lhc wheel 11 is moved longitudinally by means of a hand wheel K, the shaft 16 of which. vmounted to rotate in the frame E comprises for a portion of its length a screw spindle If, on which latter is guided an arm M provided with a screw nut m and adap ed to be moved longitudinally on the shaft with a forked end m embracing the friction wheel J On the shaft k is also fixed a. drum is which carries a graduation is corres mndingto the angle of elevation of the gun barrel and along which a reading off mark is is adapted to slide. The friction wheel gearing J J thus forms a change speed gear in which the driven wheel J is adjustable to correspond to the angle of elevation of the gun barrel, while the driving wheel J undergoes a movement, which cor responds to the angle of the oblique position of the telescope F and consequently or the axis of the trunnions. The angle of rotation of the driven friction. wheel J is proportional to the product of the angles of rotation of the two hand wheels H and K. The conditions for the friction gear J J are in particular so determined that the angle of rotation of the riven wheel J is eque to the product of the angle of the oblique position of the telescope Fahd the angle of elevation of the gun barrel.

If the angle of correction of the traverse be denoted by c), the oblique position or the of trunnions by Y and the elevation of the gun barrel by ca then, as is well known tgm sin Jigoc with great approximation.

If for the purposes of the present case the permissible simplification be used, viz. that of replacing the sine and tangent by the angles themselves or the values of their arcs, it will be found that This condition, however, will be fulfilled by the arrangement described, as will be obvious without any further explanation. The angle of rotation of the driven wheel J is therefore equal to the angle by which the traverse of the gun has got to he corrected, in order to allow for the oblique position of the axis of its trunnions.

Upon the shaft 11 is also keyed the transmitter J of an electrical long-distance indicating apparatus, which transmitter J- is connected by a long-distance conductor to a receiver N which isinounted at the gun station and reproduces the rotary move- 1 mcnts ot' the transmitter J true to angle.

The receiver N is provided Within pointer n adapted to move over-aidisc P 'provided with a counter-mark 11 which disc I which carries the counter-marlrp", is operated by a hand wheel positively connected to the disc l by a worm wheel gear. The hand wheel ,0 is also positively connected in the manner shown in the drawing to the one middle wheel 77" oi a sun and planet gear, the other middle wheel of which, 5 is positively connected to the ring of teeth 7) on the gun carriage B and its planet wheel 1* to a pointer ll in the manner shovn in the drawing. The pointer ll is adapted to rotate overthe face of a disc S which is tired and provided with traverse angle graduation. The ratios of transmission of the gearings leading from the hand wheel l to the disc P and to the pointer are equal to each other, so thatwvhen the hand wheel l? ro tates and the gun carriage B is stationary, the angles of rotation imparted to the counter-mark p and the pointer are always equal to each other. Furthermore, the ratios of transmission of the gearings connecting the hand wheel C to the gun carriage B and to the pointer llare equal to each other. so

that when the hand wheel 0 is rotated and the hand wheel P is stationary, each angle of rotation of the guncarriage B is corresponded to by the same angle of rotation of the pointer ll.

T he explanation of the use of the apparatus above described will be begun from the assumption that the gun barrel is in its zero position both as regards elevation and traverse and that consequently all the pointers and marks of the long-distance indicatin apparatus are in the positions shown in Fig. 1, in which in particular the axis of oscillation of the telescope F is located at right angles to the axis of the horizontal trunnions (r of the gun carriage A. Let it be also assumed that the ship rolling, which causes an inclination of the axis or the trunnions oi the gun which is continually altered.

1t now a prescribed traverse is to be imparted to the gun barrel and at the same time the error in traverse caused by the inclination of the axis of the trunnions elimihated, the gun carriage is first adjusted to the prescribed angle of traverse by rotating:

the hand wheel U or the traversing gear, which causes the transmitter D, which is positively connected to the hand Wheel C to suffer a movement which is transmitted true to angle through the long-distance conductor (1 to the receiver E. At the same time the pointer R (which is positively connected to the hand wheel C) of the indicatin}: a 'iparatus R 8 sets itself to the division mark on the graduated disc 9: whiclrcorre spouds to, the angle of traverse.

The hand wheel (l is then rotated accordlog to the indications of the receiver E until the counter-marks and y" positively connected to thehand wheel (l again co incide with the corresponding receiver pointers a and c and the frame E has consequently assumed together with the telescope i the traverse corresponding to the adjustment of the receiver. he soon as this is the case, the axis of oscillation of the telescope F is again located at right angles to the axis of the lun'izont-al trunnions of the gun barrel. i

The graduated drum k is now rotated by means of the hand wheel 1; until the mark Ir points to the division mark of the graduation which corresponds to the prescribed elevation of the gun barrel, the arm M at the same time moving along the screw spindle is. The friction Wheel .l carried by the fork m consequently assumes the position required for the correct engagement of the friction wheels J and J If now the worm 71 be rotated by the hand wheel H in such a direction that the sighting line of the telescope F is permanently trainedon the horizon during the rolling movement of the ship, the friction wheel J positively connected by the spur wheels A i to the hand wheel H has imparted to it a rotation which is proportional to the angle or inclination of the telescope F, that is to say to the angle of the oblique position of the axis of the trunnions of the gun, and the said rotation is transmittedby friction to the friction wheel J. The shaft i and the transmitter J keyed on it thus have imparted to them a movement which in consequence of the ratios of transmission selected is equal to the product of the angle of the oblique position of the axis of t-runnions and the prescribed angle of elevation of the gun barrel, and therefore equal, as above shown, to the angle to be added algebraically to this angle for the correction of the/angle of transverse.

In consequence of the movements of the transmitter J the pointer n or the receiver N mounted at the gun station is moved true to angle. The hand wheel P is now so rotated that the counter-markp coincides permanently with the receiver pointer 91?, which causes the middle wheel p of the sun and planet gear 72 r I) positively connected to the hand wheel P to be so moved that the pointer R has a movement imparted to it which is equal to the movement of the counter-mark As this movement (owing to the action of the sun and planet gear) is algebraically added to the movement previously imparted to the pointer R from the gun carriage B rotating about its axis of oscillation, the pointer R now coin ides with a division mark on the graduation of the graduated disc S, which is removed from the division mark corresponding to the prescribed traverse, by the same amount as the intended correction in the angle of traverse amounts to. By moving the hand wheel (l of the traversing gear in such a way that the pointer R returns to the value corresponding to the prescribed traverse, and remains permanently in this position, it is ensured that the gun possesses, at any moment, the raverse which has to be imparted to it after allowing for the error caused by the oblique the horizon and is placed at an observing station, is mountedon the stabilized shaft of a gyroscopic apparatus (not shown) contained in a casing I and mounted on a column'lnot shown) adapted to rotate about a vertical axis. To the telescope F is positively connected the transmittei l of a longdistance indicating apparatus for the longdistance indication of the movements of the telescope F. The receiver 1* (connected to the transmitterF) ot' the long-distance indicating apparatus interuled for indicating the angle of inclination of the telescope F is provided with a pointer f", coaxially with which pointer is mounted a worm wheel 11 provided with a counter-mark i and with which a worm i rotated by a hand wheel J engages. To the worm shaft is rigidly con nected one wheel J of the friction wheel gear ing J J The other wheel J" is mounted on a shaft 2' which is located at right angles to the axis of the wheel 3 and cannot rotate thereon but can move longitudinally along it. This longitudinal movement is rendered possible by an arm M. which terminates in a fork m and is guided by its end which comprises a screw nut m on a screw spindle 7o parallel with the axis of the wheel J which screw spindle k can be set to the angle ot'elevation of the gun barrel by means of a hand wheel K. The movement imparted to the screw spindle In and consequently to the friction wheel J is indicated by a reading-oil device, whiclnconsists of a drum mounted on the spindle and provided with an elevation angle graduation Kr, and a readingbli mark Z movable longitudinally alon this graduation.

()n the shaft '8 is keyed the one middle wheel 2' of a sun and planet gear '1'. '11 'zo' the other middle wheel of which, or, is positively connected through a pair of spur wheels to a telescope V adapted to rotate about a vertical and intended to point at the target, while the planet wheel 1,17 is mounted on the rectangularly bent end of a shaft m which is positively connected througha pair of bevel wheels to the driving shaft 10 of the transmitters l/V-and of long-distance controlling apparatus built on the coarse and fine system. The driving shaft w is positively connected to the coarse transmitter NV by a worm gear and to the fine transmitter W by a toothed wheel gear ing. From the two transmitters lV and W' long-distance conductors in and on lead to the receivers (not shown) which are provided for the long-distance controlling apparatus for the angleof traverse of the gun and are mounted at the gun station.

For the consideration of the working of ing a part of said indicating device, said The foregoing specification signer! at adjustabie member being connected to 2m sennGerniany. this 16th day of June. 1920. gun carriage by a planeiai' x gear. said in i- T Y q taking member being adjustable indepond ant-1y of the pfisitiun of the gun carriage and In presence uf 0f the position of an opposing: mark showing HANS Go'rrznmrm,

the traversing error. J HAXN A. A. DEOKERS. 

